2014年上海市金山区60岁以上老年人肺炎疫苗接种意愿及影响因素分析

Willingness of pneumonia vaccination and it influencing factors among the elderly aged 60 years and above in Jinshan District,Shanghai,2014

目的了解上海市农村人口集中区域—金山区60岁以上老人23价肺炎疫苗免费接种的意愿及其影响因素。方法 2014年8-9月采用横断面调查的方法,多阶段随机抽样调查上海市金山区11个镇(街道)1 101名60岁以上户籍老人对肺炎疫苗接种的意愿、知识、态度和行为及家庭和社会影响因素,利用SPSS统计软件采用χ~2检验和非条件logistic多因素回归分析方法分析接种肺炎疫苗的影响因素。结果上海市金山区1 101名调查对象中,584人(53.0%)愿意接种(包括已接种)23价肺炎疫苗。非条件logistic多因素回归分析显示:在婚(OR=1.57,1.09~2.24,P=0.014)、农业(OR=1.86,1.25~2.77,P=0.008)、自己或家人患过肺炎、老慢支等呼吸系统疾病(OR_(自己)=1.45,1.04~2.02,P=0.030;OR_(家人)=2.38,1.58~3.60,P=0.000)、接种过流感疫苗(OR=1.69,1.08~2.67,P=0.023)、主动获取健康知识(OR=1.51,1.14~1.99,P=0.004)、医生曾建议接种肺炎疫苗(OR=2.02,1.55~2.64,P=0.000)以及同住人文化程度高(OR_(初、高中)=1.98,1.56~2.98,P=0.000;OR_(大专以上)=2.16,1.35~2.90,P=0.000)的老年人更倾向于接种肺炎疫苗。结论上海市金山区老年人肺炎疫苗接种意愿受个人、家庭成员及医护人员三方面影响,应从这三个方面加强宣教工作,推进本区老年人肺炎疫苗接种工作。

Objective To investigate the willingness of getting free 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine （PPV23） inoculation and it influencing factors among the elderly aged 60 years and above in a rural-population-centralized district, Jinshan District, Shanghai. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conduted in August and September, 2014. The willingness, knowledge, attitude and behavior of pneumonia vaccination and the family and social influencing factors were investigated in 1,101 residents aged 60 years and above randomly selected by multistage random stratified sampling method from 11 towns （streets） in Jinshan District, Shanghai. The factors influencing pneumonia vaccination were analyzed by chi-square test and unconditional multi-factorial logistic regression analysis using SPSS software. Results Among the 1,101 surveyed elders, 584 （53.0%） were willing to receive PPV23 （including the elderly having been vacinatted with PPV23）. Unconditional multi-factorial logistic regression analysis showed that the elderly with the features such as being married （OR=1.57, 95.0%CI：1.092.24, P=0.014）, engaging in agriculture （OR=1.86, 95.0%CI：1.252.77, P=0.008）, suffering from pneumonia, chronic bronchitis and other respiratory diseases （ORself=1.45, 95.0%CI：1.042.02, P=0.030; ORfamily=2.38, 95.0%CI：1.58-3.60, P=0.000）, receiving flu vaccine （OR=1.69, 95.0%CI：1.082.67, P=0.023）, actively acquiring health knowledge （OR=1.51, 95.0%CI：1.141.99, P=0.004）, having been advised to receive PPV23 by doctors （OR=2.02, 95.0%CI：1.552.64, P=0.000）, family members with higher education level （ORmiddle school education=1.98, 95.0%CI：1.562.98, P=0.000; ORcollege education=2.16, 95.0%CI：1.352.90） were prone to acceptive PPV23 inoculation. Conclusions The willingness of PPV23 inoculation of the elderly in Jinshan District, Shanghai is affected by individual, family members and medical staff; and hence, we should enhance the propaganda based on the above aspects to promote the work of pneumonia vaccination in the elderly in this district .