细胞外基质材料在骨组织工程中的研究进展

Research Progress on Extracellular Matrix Materials in Bone Tissue Engineering

由疾病、外部创伤等原因引起的大骨骼缺损的治疗需要通过骨移植手术,寻找安全易得的替代骨已经成为临床上的重要课题,近年来快速发展的组织工程骨为解决这一难题提供了一种新的途径。支架材料作为组织工程的核心要素,其表面性状、结构,机械性能和生物学性能均能调控细胞的各种生命活动和体内组织的修复再生。细胞外基质由于其天然性、低免疫排斥性和优异的生物相容性等特点,已被广泛用作再生医学的支架材料。通过回顾近些年来细胞外基质材料在骨组织工程中的应用,阐述多种细胞外基质材料的构建修饰方法及其体外、体内的生物学效应,并对其在骨再生领域的应用前景进行展望。

The limited ability of the body to fully repair large bone defects beyond critical sizes often necessitates the implantation of replacement material to promote healing. While the current clinical strategies to address such bone defects generally carry associated limitations,bone-tissue engineering approaches seek to minimize any adverse effects and facilitate complete regeneration of the lost tissue. Extracellular matrix,due to its excellent biocompatibility, unique biomechanical properties and biological activities,has been widely investigated as a scaffold in regenerative medicine. This review focused on hybrid constructs and modification on ECM materials,as well as its biological effects in vitro and in vivo. Application prospects in bone regeneration were also discussed.