软组织形变建模在虚拟手术中的应用进展

Advances in soft tissue deformation modeling in virtual surgery

虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)技术通过其独具的沉浸感、交互性以及想象性,在医学领域正发挥着越来越重要的作用。基于VR技术的虚拟手术系统在颅颌面畸形的诊断、治疗及操作培训中能够为手术医师提供身临其境的逼真感,利用该技术可以进行术前设计、术后预测,制定个体化最佳治疗方案。在过去几十年内,世界范围内已经开发出基于虚拟现实技术的数个手术模拟系统,涵盖颅颌面整形、眼外科、神经外科、膝关节外科、腹腔镜外科等众多领域。但对于虚拟手术系统的核心—软组织的形变建模,一直是国内外学者研究的难题。本文就基于虚拟现实技术的常用的软组织建模方法的研究进展作一综述。

Virtual reality（VR） technology is playing an increasingly important role in the field of medical science by its unique immersion, interaction and imagination. Virtual surgery simulation system based on VR technology can provide a sense of realism for surgeons in the treatment of craniofacial deformities. Using this technology, we can perform preoperative simulation and postoperative forecast, design the optimal customized surgical plan, and train surgeons. In the past few decades, researchers have developed a number of virtual reality surgical simulation systems, covering cranial and maxillofacial surgery, ophthalmic surgery, neurosurgery, knee surgery, laparoscopic surgery and etc. The soft tissue deformation modeling is a key point in the research of virtual surgery. This article reviewed the main methods regarding to soft tissue modeling in virtual reality surgical simulation.