3Pekrun R, Thomas G, Wolfram T, et al. Academic emotions in students'self -regulated learning and achievement: A program of qualitative and quantitative research. Eduncational Psychologist, 2002, 37(2):91-105
4状态-特质焦虑问卷.见汪向东主编,心理卫生评定量表手册(增订版),1999.238-241
5Patrick BC , Skinner EA , Connell JP. What motivates children's behavior and emotion? Joint effects of perceived control and autonomy in the academic domain. Journal of Personality an Social Psychology,1993,62(4):781-791
6Zimmerman B J. Self efficacy: an essential motive to learn. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 2000,25: 82 - 91.
7Bandura A. Self efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 1977,84: 191 - 215.
8Bandura A. Self efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman, 1977.
9Schwarzer R, Aristi B. Optimistic self beliefs: Assessment of general perceived self efficacy in thirteen cultures. Word Psychology: 1997,3( 1 - 2): 177 - 190. Psychologia,40:1 - 13.
10Schwarzer R, et al. The assessment of optimistic self beliefs: Comparison of the Chinese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Korean versions of the General Self - Efficacy Scale.Psychologia, 1997,40: 1 - 13.