全站仪免棱镜技术在河道测量中的应用

Application of Non-Prism Total Station in Survey of River Course

河道测量是国民经济建设不可或缺的基础性工作,免棱镜模式下运用全站仪进行河道测量是一种主要的观测手段。针对河道测量与路面常规测量的差异性,分析了在不同土壤湿度、不同距离、不同激光入射角条件下免棱镜观测的平面精度与高程精度,结果表明:①土壤湿度与激光入射角对免棱镜模式下测量的平面精度和高程精度影响在5 mm之内,可以忽略,但当入射角大于80°时,仪器已不能正常读数;②在满足《数字测绘产品检查验收规定和质量评定(GB/T 18316-2001)》要求的平面精度与高程精度时,测量距离需控制在150 m之内;③在使用免棱镜全站仪进行实地河道测量时,因阳光与气温产生的河道土壤内的水汽蒸腾会对免棱镜测量产生影响,建议实际测量工作时尽量避开一天中太阳辐射较强的12时~15时,以避开大量水汽蒸腾的影响。

The survey of river course is an indispensable basic work in national economic construction,and using the total station to survey the river course is a main observation method under the non-prism mode.In view of the difference between the survey in the river course and the conventional survey methods,according to the designed experiment and measured data,the flat and vertical accuracies under the different conditions about soil moisture,distance,incident angle of laser beam are analyzed.The results show that：CD The influences of soil moisture and incident angle on the flat and vertical accuracies of the total station in the non-prism mode for the total station can be neglected,but when the incident angle is greater than 80°,the instrument has been unable to normal reading;？ While satisfing the flat and vertical accuracies,and the measuring distance should be controlled within 150 m;（3） In the use of non-prism total station for river survey,because of sunlight and temperature to river soil vapor transpiration,it will affect the non-prism measurement,so it is suggested that the actual measurement should avoid the strong solar radiation from 12：00 to 15：00 in the day,in order to avoid the influence on a large amount of water vapor transpiration.