不同原因引起的支气管扩张影像学特点浅析

Imaging features of bronchiectasis with different causes

支气管扩张是世界范围内发病率和患病率都很高的一种以气道病理性扩张为主要特点的疾病，其主要特点是大量的脓痰及反复的感染。很多不同的疾病都跟支气管扩张有关，而它们的治疗却大不相同。近年来，越来越多的研究发现了诸多证据并在一定程度上帮助了我们进行病因学诊断，然而关于支气管扩张的病因学诊断仍然是一个难题。能否早期的得到病因学诊断对于支气管扩张患者的管理和预后都非常重要。区分导致支气管扩张的原发疾病可以帮助制定患者的个体化治疗方案。因此，本文旨在对常见的引起支气管扩张的疾病进行综述，评估他们的不同的影像学特点，希望对临床医生提供帮助。

Bronchiectasis is characterised by a widening of the airways, leading to excess mucus production and recurrent infection, and causing increasing incidence and prevalence around the world. A lot different diseases have been proved to be associated with bronchiectasis, and their treatment can differ widely. Recently, more and more studies have helped to approach aetiological diagnosis but it is still a complex process. The aetiological diagnosis is crucial in the proper management of bronchiectasis patients. Identifying the cause of the bronchiectasis may determine a change in the treatment of bronchiectasis patients. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the main bronchiectasis related diseases and their different radiology features, in order to improve the management of bronchiectasis patients.