河槽汇流曲线法在北方中小河流水文预报的应用研究

Application of Channel Routing Curve Method in Hydrological Forecasting for Medium-and Small-sized Rivers in Northern Part of China

作为一种"黑箱"河道演算方法,河槽汇流曲线具有原理简单,应用灵活的特点,应用研究结果表明:1若不考虑基流,进行陡涨陡落洪水演算时,利用马斯京根法所推求的河槽汇流曲线与马斯京根法的精度是相当的;2调整河槽汇流曲线上的值,能有效地模拟河道下渗,提高模拟精度;3曲线可模拟洪水滞后现象及流量分配过程;4河槽汇流曲线时段转换中,应用三次样条插值拟合S累积曲线可有效避免转换的河槽汇流曲线出现时段值"均化"现象,同时需对拟合中出现的凸形与凹形的"特殊"情况进行修正,以保证拟合S累积曲线的合理性。

As a ＂black box＂channel routing method, the channel routing curve has the feature of simple in principal and flexible using. The application results in this paper show that：1 If the base flow is ignored, the routing accuracy of the precipitously fluctuant flood using the channel routing curve deduced by the Muskingum method is the same with the Muskingum method itself. 2 It can simulate the channel infiltration effectively and improve the precision of the simulation by adjusting the value of the channel routing curve. 3 The curve can simulate the flood lag phenomenon and the discharge distribution process. 4 It can effectively avoid the ＂mean value＂ phenomenon of the converted channel routing curve that applying cubic spline interpolation to fit the S accumulation curve in time conversion of the channel routing curve, also it is necessary to revise the＂special＂situation of convex and concave shape in curve fitting to guarantee the rationality of the S accumulation curve.