从社会保障到社会福利:由福利供需的角度理解社会福利变迁

From Social Security to Social Welfare:To Understand the Welfare Transition through the Perspective of Welfare Demand and Supply

本文从福利供需的视角回顾了福利国家的变迁,以及我国改革开放以来的社会福利发展。通过回顾发现,一个特定时期的经济社会环境决定了当时的福利需求和供给,进而形塑了特定的福利模式。福利国家的福利模式因此经历了劳动保障、国家保障以及目前的以社会服务为核心的多元积极福利的转型。中国过去三十多年的发展也在经历福利国家这一个多世纪的过程。中国目前既要完善社会保障体系,同时更需要"与时俱进"地扩大社会福利的概念,变被动消极的社会保障为多元积极的社会福利。

This article reviewed the welfare transition of western countries since the late of 19th century, as well as the one in China during the past three decades. It found out that the welfare demand and supply, which shaped the welfare model, were decided by the specific social economic circumstance. The welfare states have experienced the welfare models of labor security, national security, as well as the undergoing reform of highlightening the past three China has not negative social social services though an active and pluralistic approach. The welfare reform of China over decades has also experienced the more than one-century process of welfare states. Therefore, only to improve the social security scheme to a more security sy active and stem, but also advance the social welfare system, from the pluralistic social welfare system