进一步缩小收入差距的挑战与对策

The Challenge and Countermeasure of Further Narrowing the Income Gap

近几年,我国基尼系数出现下降趋势,这是否意味着中国已经跨越了收入差距变化的库兹涅茨转折点呢?本文通过解读我国基尼系数的最新变化趋势,认为基尼系数下降主要是城乡和区域收入差距缩小等发展因素带来的结果,而市场本身因素和体制因素所导致的收入差距并没有缩小,收入差距较大仍然是我国当前社会发展面临的重要挑战。进一步缩小收入差距,需要通过改革消除初次分配领域的不公,健全劳动报酬合理增长机制,提高劳动报酬份额,完善个税和社会保障等再分配手段,并继续加大人力资本投资,提升劳动者技能水平。

In recent years, China＇s Gini coefficient has declined. Does it mean that China has already crossed the Kuznets turning point of income gap？ Based on the latest trends on China Gini coefficient, we believe that it is mainly caused by the narrowing of urban-rural income gap and regional income gap. The income gap caused by the market itself and the institutional factors is not reduced. Large income gaps remain important challenges for social development in our country. To further narrow the income gap, we need to reform and eliminate the initial distribution inequality, improve reasonable wage growth mechanism, improve the share of labor compensation, improve the personal income tax and social security system, continue to increase investment in human capital, and improve the labor skill level