多元表述中的社会性别规范生产——对“嫁得好”与“干得好”的话语分析

The Production of Gender Norms in the Diversified Gender Attitudes: The Discourse Analysis of “Good Job” and “Good Marriage” for Women

近年来人们对"干得好不如嫁得好"这一说法的认同率有所上升。学界对于如何看待这一现象有两种不同的观点:一种认为这是传统观念的回潮,另一种认为这是市场化时代女性建构积极的性别身份认同的策略。本研究基于对广东、湖北、上海等三省(市)城乡居民的定性访谈,采取话语分析的视角,探究人们到底如何建构"嫁得好"及其与"干得好"之间的关系,进而考察多元化的新表述中所生产出的社会性别规范。研究结果发现,在多数情况下这些新表述一方面凸显了婚姻对女性情感满足的价值,另一方面消解了工作本身对女性所具有的非工具性价值,从而形成了一种新型的"男人以社会为主,女人以家庭为主"的社会性别规范——社会是男性实现自我价值的空间,而家庭则是女性实现自我价值的场所。

Recent data show that people have become more supportive to such statement as ＂A good job matters less than a good marriage for women＂. To understand the phenomena, two competing arguments emerged. One claims that it is the backlash of traditional gender attitudes, and the other celebrates it as a strategy for women to construct a positive gender identity in the era of market-economy. Based on the interviews with rural and urban residents of Guangdong, Hubei, and Shanghai, this study analyzes ordinary people＇s interpretations of ＂good marriage＂and their understandings of the relations between ＂good marriage＂and ＂good job＂for women. It is found that most of the newly-emerged diversified opinions follow the same discursive logic, which makes the emotional dimension of marriage salient and the non-instrumental dimension of work invisible. Consequently, a new-style of gender segregation of social space is produced, which is not based on the gender division of labor anymore, but is based on the different locations of self-actualization for women and men.