掌叶大黄不同组织器官中主要资源性化学成分的分析评价

Main components analysis in different parts of Rheum palmatum

目的对蓼科植物掌叶大黄Rheum palmatum的不同组织器官(主根、根头、支根、根皮、叶柄和叶片)的主要资源性成分进行分析评价。方法采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法、紫外可见分光光度(UV)法、粗纤维检测(Weende)法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法对掌叶大黄不同组织器官中的蒽醌类、可溶性多糖类、总纤维素和无机元素进行测定。结果掌叶大黄主根、根头、支根、根皮中分别含芦荟大黄素3.22~4.33、1.33~2.32、3.21~3.68、3.22~3.76 mg/g,大黄酸0.77~1.36、2.46~2.52、1.16~1.46、1.02~1.21 mg/g,大黄素0.27~0.39、0.28~0.34、0.30~0.42、0.31~0.67 mg/g,大黄酚2.85~3.70、2.78~3.01、4.02~4.81、4.05~4.72 mg/g,大黄素甲醚1.88~2.44、1.82~2.01、2.48~3.02、3.61~4.46mg/g。而叶中含芦荟大黄素0.56~1.07 mg/g,大黄酸0.45~0.69 mg/g,大黄素1.41~1.91 mg/g。主根、叶柄、叶片中可溶性多糖质量分数分别为9.76%~10.42%、5.76%~7.63%和3.50%~5.72%。叶柄和叶片中纤维素质量分数分别为15.54%和10.20%。掌叶大黄叶片中Ca量最高,达88.53 mg/g,K、Mg、Al、Fe依次为32.42、12.93、1.22、1.17 mg/g;叶柄中Ca、K量分别为80.60、28.73 mg/g,高于主根21.08、14.09 mg/g;叶柄中Na量为2.66 mg/g,高于主根0.26 mg/g和叶片0.57 mg/g。结论蒽醌类成分在根中的种类和量总体高于叶柄和叶片,符合传统入药部位的认识。叶片中大黄素量大致为根中的5倍,叶柄、叶片中还含有一定量的纤维素和可溶性多糖类成分,元素种类丰富,可进一步深入开发利用。

Objective To analyze the main components in different parts of Rheum palmatum. Methods The anthraquinones, soluble polysaccharides, cellulose, and mineral elements in the taproots, root heads, fibrous roots, root barks, petioles and leaves were detected by HPLC, UV, Weende, and ICP-AES. Results The contents of aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion in taproots, root heads, fibrous roots, and root barks were 3.22-4.33, 1.33-2.32, 3.21-3.68, 3.22-3.76 mg/g, 0.77-1.36, 2.46-2.52, 1.16-1.46, 1.02-1.21 mg/g, 0.27-0.39, 0.28-0.34, 0.30-0.42, 0.31-0.67 mg/g, 2.85-3.70, 2.78-3.01, 4.02-4.81, 4.05-4.72 mg/g and 1.88-2.44, 1.82-2.01, 2.48-3.02, 3.61-4.46 mg/g, respectively. The contents of aloe-emodin, rhein, and emodin in leaves were 0.56-1.07, 0.45-0.69, 1.41-1.91 mg/g. The soluble polysaccharides in the taproots, petioles and leaves were 9.76%-10.42%, 5.76%-7.63%, and 3.50%-5.72%. The cellulose contents in petioles and leaves were 15.54% and 10.20%. Ca was the most abundant with 88.53 mg/g in leaves, followed by K with 32.42 mg/g, Mg with 12.93 mg/g, Al with 1.22 mg/g, and Fe with 1.17 mg/g. In the petioles, Ca with 80.60 mg/g and K with 28.73 mg/g were higher than those in roots with 21.08 and 14.09 mg/g. Na with 2.66 mg/g was also higher than that in roots with 0.26 mg/g and in leaves with 0.57 mg/g. Conclusion The types and contents of anthraquinones in roots are higher than those in petioles and leaves, with the understanding of traditional medicinal parts. Emodin in leaves is five times as those in roots, petioles, and leaves, and also contains a certain amount of cellulose and soluble polysaccharide component, a wide variety of elements. From above analysis, the petioles and leaves could be deeper utilized.