广州市社会空间质量的综合评价与分布格局

Comprehensive Evaluation and Distribution Pattern of Social Space Quality in Guangzhou, China

以广州都市区118个街道的第六次全国人口普查数据为基础,从人口稳定性、教育水平、职业阶层、收入水平4个方面构建城市社会空间质量的综合评价体系,基于"四边形"面积测度方法分析广州市社会空间质量的分异格局;对比4个社会空间质量评价子系统格局的差异特征,研究不同圈层社会空间质量的差异性规律,并总结空间结构与模式。结果表明:1)广州市社会空间质量差异显著,呈现出核心区→中心城区(或旧城)→近郊区递减的圈层式分异结构及其局部扇形扩展结构。2)核心区外不同方向的扇面扩展区在人口稳定性、教育水平、职业阶层、收入水平方面各具优势,形成了4个子系统不同的分异结构。其中,北部扇面扩展区具有较高的收入水平,东部扇面扩展区具有较高的职业阶层和教育水平,西部扇面扩展区具有较好的人口稳定性。3)城市发展的历史过程、城市功能结构演变和住房价格分异是社会空间质量分异结构形成的核心驱动因素。

The urban social spatial structure is the core issue of urban social geography. Most traditional studies on this issue tend to divide the social space structure into miscellaneous social factors, while the researches of social space quality（SSQ） focus on integration of the diversified indexes, and possess the feature of consistency and evaluation. So it is necessary to establish a scientific and efficient system for evaluating SSQ. Based on that, we provided an alternative mentality and approach to evaluate social spatial quality. The study process are as follows： based on demographic data from the newly available 6th census in 2010 in Guangzhou metropolitan areas, we established a comprehensive system of evaluating SSQ composed of population stability, educational level, occupational hierarchy, and income level. Then we analyzed differentiation pattern of SSQ by using the computing method on the quadrangle areas. Furthermore, we compared the differentiation features among 4 evaluation subsystem of SSQ, and analyzed their differentiation rules. Finally, we summarized spatial structure and mode of SSQ. The results are shown as follows： 1） the SSQ of Guangzhou, from periphery to city center, shows a significant spatial imbalance. The ‘ring-layer＇ spatial differentiation structure and ‘fan-shaped＇ extending structure are coexisting. The core area has the best social spatial quality. Whereas, Tianyuan Subdistrict and Liede Subdistrict surrounding Zhujiang New Town have the highest scores of social spatial quality. In addition, the scores of the subdistricts such as Linhe, Tianhenan, Huale, Huanghuagang, Nonglin, Dongshan, Meihuacun, Xingang, Chita, Baiyun, Wushan are comparatively high. 2） The ‘fan-shaped＇ extending zones outside the core area have different advantages in population stability, educational level, occupational hierarchy, and income level. Whereas, the subdistricts with higher income level are located in northern fan-shaped extension region, those with higher occupational hierarchy and educational level are in eastern fan-shaped extension region, and those with better population stability are in western fan-shaped extension region. The reasons are that the differentiation of population stability is determined by urban development history and location inequality. Furthermore, the spatial cluster of universities generates the differentiation of educational level. Finally, the imbalance of industry structure and value added determine the differentiation of income level. 3） The structure of circle layers with fan-shaped extending areas is the spatial features of SSQ in Guangzhou. The regions of high level SSQ expand from center to periphery along the specific sector, and cause the formation of complicated social spatial structure. In addition, the middle-high level regions of SSQ are distributed in suburb with the feature of enclave. That directly embodies location direction of building specific functional regions. The historical process of urban development, the evolution of urban function structure, and differentiation of housing prices are the core driving factors for the formation of urban structure of SSQ.