调亏灌溉下酿酒葡萄耗水特性及水分生产函数研究

Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Wine Grape Water Consumption Characteristics and Water Production Function

为了确定酿酒葡萄的水分生产函数,以酿酒葡萄"梅鹿辄"为供试品种,采用滴灌的方式,以不同生育期土壤水分水平为试验因素,对酿酒葡萄不同生育期进行亏水处理,测定不同生育期土壤含水率、耗水量、产量及水分利用效率,研究了不同生育期、不同土壤水分状况对酿酒葡萄耗水量和产量的影响。结果表明,土壤水分对酿酒葡萄产量的影响规律为浆果膨大期最大,其次是开花期、着色成熟期、抽蔓期,萌芽期最小;通过对Jensen模型与Blank模型进行计算比较,发现在该试验中Jensen模型更为合理,且得出不同生育期水分生产函数的敏感指数为:浆果膨大期>开花期>着色成熟期>抽蔓期>萌芽期,与酿酒葡萄耗水规律一致;在萌芽期、抽蔓期及着色成熟期的土壤水分保持在田间持水率的60%~65%左右不会造成酿酒葡萄减产,而在浆果膨大期进行充分供水,既可获得高产,也使水分利用效率达到较高水平。

To determine the wine grape water production function, the experiment was performed by using water deficit irrigation in different growth periods of wine grape to research the effects of soil water conditions on water consumption and yield at different growth period of wine grape, the field soil water content, water consumption, yield and water use efficiency with drip irrigation were studied, and Merlot was used as test material. The results showed that the effects of soil water deficit on yield were related with growth periods of wine grapes. The effect of water deficit at the berry enlargement period was the largest on yield, and then followed by florescence period, coloring maturity period and pumping vine period, and germination period. Comparing the Blank model with Jen- sen model, it was concluded that Jensen model was more reasonable. Then the water sensitivity index was calcu- lated by the Jensen model. The order was berry enlargement period〉 florescence period〉 coloring maturity peri- od〉pumping vine period〉germination period, which was similar to the water consumption. Maintaining soil moisture between 60%-65% of field water capacity would not reduce the yield at germination period, pumping vine period and coloring maturity period, and well watered at berry enlargement period would get high yield with good water use efficiency.