有限元在脊柱生物力学中的应用

Application of finite element method in spinal biomechanics

有限元模型是现代脊柱生物力学研究的重要方法之一,可以根据需求模拟脊柱的各种状态,并计算该状态下各组分间的应力和应变分布,探究其力学原理、损伤机制和治疗效果。此外,在脊柱病理状态的研究中,有限元主要被用于了解病变位置的力学机制和评估不同治疗手段的作用,协助完成治疗方式的选择与改善,为脊柱相关病变的康复提供理论基础。有限元法还可以更有针对性的为病患脊柱的矫正、手术和个性化植入物设计进行服务,在应用于植入物的设计和性能评估中需注意个体差异和完善评价体系。当前,如何建立与真实情况更为贴近的模型一直是人体有限元研究的重点与难点。有限元法虽然能够较好的模拟复杂的工况条件,更需要的是综合运用影像学、统计学、运动学等多种手段,提高模型的真实性和对群体的共享性。

The finite element model is one of the most important methods in study of modern spinal biomechanics,according to the needs to simulate the various states of the spine, calculate the stress force and strain distribution of the different groups in the state, and explore its principle of meehanics, mechanism of injury, and treatment effectiveness. In addition,in the study of the pathological state of the spine, the finite element is mainly used in the understanding the mechanism of lesion location, evaluating the effects of different therapeutic tool, assisting and completing the selection and improvement of therapeutic tool, in order to provide a theoretieal basis for the rehabilitation of spinal lesions. Finite element method can be more provide the service for the patients suffering from spinal correction, operation and individual implant design. Among the design and performance evaluation of the implant need to pay attention to the individual difference and perfect the evaluation system. At present, how to establish a model which is more close to the real situation has been the focus and difficulty of the study of human body＇s finite element.Although finite element method can better simulate complex working condition, it is necessary to improve the authenticity of the model and the sharing of the group by using many kinds of methods, sueh as image science, statistics, kinematics and so on.