中国耕地保护制度:实施绩效评价、实施偏差与优化路径

The Farmland Protection System of China:Implementation Performance Evaluation,Implementation Deviation and Optimization Methods

大量文献研究表明,现有耕地保护制度的实施绩效低下,耕地保护制度对保护耕地数量有一定成效,但在保护耕地质量与生态上绩效低,特别是耕地总量动态平衡制度甚至是导致耕地质量下降、生态环境恶化的诱因,对于耕地保护制度的优化应合理界定政府与市场在农地非农化、土地配置中的边界。当前对耕地保护制度实施绩效的研究不足在于,一是对中国耕地保护制度的质量、生态保护绩效的研究较少,二是基于农村基层调查的文献较少,三是开展区域性差异的研究不足,四是通过深度访谈、案例分析和问卷调查的形式对耕地保护制度实施绩效进行研究的文献较少。未来研究应重点关注:地方政府在耕地保护制度实施过程中的策略选择;从数量、质量、生态协调视角评价中国耕地保护制度的实施绩效;中国耕地保护的经济社会代价;合理界定耕地保护中政府与市场的边界。

A large number of research literature has shown that the performance of the existing farmland protection system is low.This protection system is relatively effective in terms of the quantities of farmland,but in terms of quality and ecology,its performance is rather low.The overall dynamic balance of the quantities of farmland is actually the cause of the decline of farmland quality and the deterioration of the ecological environment.For the optimization of farmland protection system,the boundary between government and market should be rationally defined in agricultural land conversion and land allocation.At present,the limitations of research on the performance of the implementation of farmland protection system are: firstly,there are few studies on the quality and performance of ecological protection offered by China's farmland protection system; secondly,few studies are based on rural grass-roots investigation;thirdly,few studies are on regional differences.Fourthly,there is sparse literature on the performance of farmland protection system through in-depth interviews,case studies and questionnaires.Future research should focus on: the choice of strategies of local governments in the implementation of farmland protection system; the evaluation of the performance of China's farmland protection system from the perspectives of quantity,quality and ecology; the economic and social costs of cultivated land protection in China; the rational definition of the boundary between government and market in farmland protection.