论汉代的家训

Family Precepts in the Han Dynasty

汉代家训分口头训诫和书面训诫两种形式,内容主要是对子弟进行个人品德修养、读书治学等方面的训诫。汉代家训具有三方面的特点:一是儒家思想已渗透到家训中;二是书面训诫开始出现;三是家庭女子教育理论逐渐形成。汉代家训从形式到内容为二千年封建社会家训的发展奠定了基础。其重视伦理道德与行为规范教育,强调培养子弟谦虚谨慎、吃苦耐劳、自立自强、廉洁奉公等品格的做法,对于现代家庭教育仍有启迪借鉴作用。

The Han family precepts are divided into the two forms of verbal and written precepts with the main content being about individual moral cultivation, learning and other aspects of precepts. Family precepts in the Han Dynasty have three characteristics： Firstly, Confucianism penetrated into the family; secondly, written precepts began to appear; thirdly, the theory of women＇ s education family gradually formed. Precepts in the Han Dynasty laid the foundation from form to content for the develop- ment of precepts in the two thousand years of families in the feudal society. Stress is put on education in ethics, moral soundness and behavior. In terms of the cultivation of children, emphasis is put on such character as modesty and prudence, perseverance, independence and self-reliance, integrity and honesty in performing official duties, which still offers enlightening references for modem family education.