伦敦家庭财产继承及其反映的家庭与性别关系——以霍斯汀法庭遗嘱(1258～1688年)为案例

On the Relations of Family and Gender Reflected from Family Property Inheritance in the Later Medieval and Early Modern London:Based on the Wills of the Husting Court(1258～1688)

在中世纪晚期近代初期的伦敦,传统的性别观念仍在影响着人们的生活,这可在霍斯汀法庭男女立嘱人的人数对比上得到比较明确的体现。不过,对伦敦的家庭财产继承与家庭关系的考察结果也表明,此时期在商品经济的冲击下,父权制已不似从前那样强势,而是逐渐演变成为了一种具有自我约束意识的"自律式"父权制。这使得新的两性关系在相对狭小的范围内开始萌生,性别关系有所改善。从该时期伦敦的家庭变化与性别关系中,可以窥见西方社会转型时期这一时代特征之一斑。

In later medieval and early modern London, the traditional idea of gender still affected people＇ s lives, which can be reflected from the comparison between male and female testators in the Husting Court. However, patriarchy of this period was not as strong as before because of the impact of commodity economy, the results of studying on the family relations and property inheritance shows that it changed into a ＂self-restricted＂ patriarchy gradually. This made a new relation between sexes began to sprout within a small range, that the relation between male and female improved somewhat. From the changes of the family and the gender relations in London in this period of time, we can have a glimpse of the era feature of the western social transformation.