侵犯公民个人信息罪的法解释学释义

Explanation on Crime of Infringement on Personal Information of Citizens

鉴于频现滥用公民个人信息的违法现象,致使公民人身、民主权利受到不同程度的影响,《刑法修正案(九)》对侵犯公民个人信息的犯罪予以修正。解释侵犯公民个人信息罪时,应当密切关注三个要件要素:基于法益二元观理论,"公民个人信息"既表征个人法益,也蕴含超个人法益;立足于法秩序一致性原理,"违反国家有关规定"的认定参照法律法规的明确规定或者一般性规定。至于违法性的判断,应以是否经过公民同意为实质标准;运用罪量因素理论,将"情节严重"认定为不法构成要件要素,同时对其类型化,包括行为量定的情节严重、危害后果的情节严重以及主观不法的情节严重。因而综合考察信息类别与数量、危害后果和主观目的对公民基本权利的侵害或危险,成为区分罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪的可行方案。

The frequent occurrence of personal information abuse, has damaged personal rights and democratic rights of citizens, so the Amendment （Ⅸ） to the Criminal Law makes some modifications on Crime of Infringe-ment on Personal Information of Citizens. Among them, based on dualism of law interest, ＂ personal information of citizens＂ not only means personal information on the basis of citizenship in constitutional level, but also means personal information in the national and social interest ; in consideration of legal order consistency,＂ breaking re-lated national regulation＂ needs both definite provisions and general rules in laws and regulations, and thus it should be the object of formal interpretation. Meanwhile,precondition of judging illegality will follow the stand-ard of whether the citizen agrees to the usage of personal information. Based on the theory of quota factors, “gravity of the circumstances” should be seen as the element of illegality. The type and amount of information, the infringement outcome and subjective purpose all have influence on the crime evaluation.