花生钙营养效应及其与磷协同吸收特征

Calcium nutrition function in peanut and its synergistic absorption characteristics with phosphorus

为了挖掘土壤耕作对花生钙素的供应能力,基于三个典型棕壤土大田耕作试验,研究了免耕、浅耕、深耕和深松下花生钙营养效应及其与磷协同吸收特征。结果表明:(1)深耕和浅耕花生荚果及植株地上部(茎、叶、针)的钙吸收量比免耕和深松增加12.8%~41.8%。(2)耕作措施下土壤钙供给与植株钙吸收并非呈直线关系,土壤交换性钙低于临界值2.7g/kg时,植株钙吸收量随着土壤交换性钙增加而显著增加。(3)花生对钙(Ca^(2+))与磷(H_2PO_4^-/HPO_4^(2-))吸收呈显著正相关关系,且荚果钙与磷的协同吸收效应大于植株地上部分。(4)花生钙吸收量每增加10kg/hm^2,荚果产量增加610kg/hm^2,粗蛋白增加108kg/hm^2。总之,通过耕翻20~30cm措施可维持适宜的土壤交换性钙含量,有利于花生对钙磷的协同吸收,促进花生产量、品质的提高。

In order to excavate the supply ability of calcium（ Ca） by soil tillage for peanut（ Arachis hypogaea L.）,four treatments of no tillage（ NT）,shallow plough（ SP）,deep plough（ DP）,and deep loosing（ DL） were carried out in three typical brown soil experimental sites to investigate Ca nutrition function and its synergistic absorption characteristics with phosphorus（ P）. Results showed that（ 1） Ca absorption amounts in pod and above ground parts（ stem,leaf and peg） were the highest under DP and SP treatments,which were increased by 12. 8%~ 41. 8% compared with NT and DL treatments.（ 2） Ca absorption amount in peanut was not linearly related to soil Ca content under various tillage measures. Ca absorption amount were increased with soil exchangeable Ca content when it was below the threshold value of 2. 7g / kg.（ 3） There was significant positive correlation between the absorption of Ca（ Ca^（2＋）） and P（ H_2PO_4^-/ HPO_4^（2-））. The synergistic absorption effect of Ca and P was better in pod than in parts above ground.（ 4） Peanut pod yield was increased by 610 kg / hm^2 and crude protein was increased by 108 kg / hm^2 when Ca absorption amount in pod increased by 10 kg / hm^2. In general,maintaining the appropriate content of soil exchangeable Ca by plough measures with 20- 30 cm contributed to the synergistic absorptions of Ca and P,which would significantly improve the yield and quality of peanut.