语言编码方式对词汇借用与改造的影响--以汉语和泰语为例

Effects on Speech Encoding Methods of Loanwords and Transformation——Illustrated by the Cases of Chinese and Thai

词汇借用是语言中的一种普遍现象,语言编码方式的差异使得不同语言采用不同的方法对词汇进行借用与改造。编码方式可以显现为音法层与文字层,采用多音节、表音文字的泰语对借词进行改造的主要手段是音译,但也存在着音义兼译的手段。而以单音节、表义文字为编码方式的汉语对借词的改造则呈现意译化的特点。汉语和泰语这两种语言,对外来词有着不止一种的改造手段。

Loanwords,a widespread phenomenon in different languages,for which different methods of borrowing and transforming are a- dopted,depend on diverse approaches of speech encoding. Speech encoding is mainly used for phonetics and characters,and the main transforming method for the loanwords in Thai,a polysyllabic language with phonography,is transliteration,and sometimes sound - mean-ing combination translation. However,the transforming of loanwords in Chinese language with speech encoding of monosyllabic ideogram is paraphrase. There is more than one transforming methods of loanwords for both Chinese and Thai languages.