应用型本科课程教学方法与学生学习效果关系研究——以旅游管理专业为例

On Relationship between Teaching Methods and Students' Learning Effect in Application-oriented Universities---A Case Study of Tourism Management

作为典型的应用型本科专业,旅游管理本科专业教育需要同时兼顾理论知识的传授与实践能力的培养,这需要运用多样化的教学方法以实现教学目标。目前旅游教育教学研究对于多样教学方式的适用性和可行性进行了相对较多的研究,但较少关注教学方法与学生学习效果之间的关系。文章在问卷调研基础上运用定量研究方法对目前旅游管理课程较多采用的教学方法与学生主观感知的学习效果间的关系进行研究。研究发现,学生学习效果可划分为"学习态度与学识能力"及"考核达标程度"两项因子,不同年级学生对学习效果的主观感受存在显著差异。运用多元回归分析方法对教学方法与教学效果间的因果关系进行研究,发现课堂测验、教学视频、操作示范、小组讨论四种教学方法与学生的学习态度和学识能力有显著影响,而且呈正向相关关系,课堂提问、操作示范和材料阅读等3种教学方法积极影响学生的考核达标程度。研究结论证明,旅游管理专业课程的教学应重视学生的学习效果,有针对性地选择有效教学方法的组合。

As a typical application-oriented undergraduate major, tourism management needs to fulfill both knowledge transfer and students＇ capability enhancement. These two objectives require diversity teaching methods. To date, many researches have focused on the applicability and feasibility of various teaching methods in tourism education while fewer researches have paid attention to the relationship between teaching methods and teaching effectiveness. In view of this, the paper summarizes the teaching methods used in tourism courses and analyzes the relationship between various teaching methods and students＇ learning effect based on a survey. The results show that there are two dimensions of teaching effectiveness, namely, learning attitude and knowledge acquirement, and the level of evaluation performance. Meanwhile, significant differences in means of learning effect exist in students. Based on the multiple regression analysis from teaching methods to learning effect, the author finds that quizzes, videos, operation demonstration and group discussion significantly influence the first factor of effectiveness （learning attitude and knowledge acquirement）. In addition, classroom questioning, operation demonstration and material reading significantly and positively affect the level of evaluation performance. The research findings indicate that tourism management specialty should highlight students＇ learning effect and lecturers need to adopt teaching methods properly accordingly.