土壤耕作方式对水稻产量形成特性的影响初探

Preliminary Study about the Effects of Soil Tillage Ways on the Yield Formation Characteristics of Rice

为探讨土壤耕作方式对南方双季稻区水稻产量形成特性的影响,2015年以‘陵两优211’与‘威优46’为早、晚稻供试品种,在湖南湘潭开展了双季免耕、双季翻耕、双季旋耕、早旋晚免、早翻晚免等5种土壤耕作方式的比较试验。结果表明,早稻产量表现翻耕>旋耕>免耕的趋势;晚稻产量以双季翻耕处理最高,双季旋耕处理最低,3个晚季免耕处理间无显著差异;两季总产量以双季翻耕处理最高,早翻晚免处理次之,其他依次为双季免耕、早旋晚免与双季旋耕处理。翻耕处理产量最高的原因在于分蘖较多,有效穗数较高,生育后期叶面积、叶片叶绿素含量与净光合速率较高。与双季翻耕处理相比,早翻晚免处理产量有所下降(降幅7.29%),但其具有省工省力、节约能源等优点,可在南方双季稻田推广应用。

To explore the effect of different soil tillage methods on the yield formation characteristics of double cropping rice in South China,a comparative experiment with five soil tillage ways was conducted with the varieties of Lingliangyou 211 and Weiyou 46 in Xiangtan, Hunan duing 2015, the soil tillage ways are ： double cropping rice under no tillage （ DN） , double cropping rice under plowing （DP） ,double cropping rice under rotary tillage （DR） ,rotary tillage in early rice and no tillage in late rice （RENL） , plowing in early rice and no tillage in late rice （PENL）. The results showed that the yield of early rice showed the trend of plowing treatment 〉 rotary tillage treatment 〉 no tillage treatment. Yield of late rice in DP treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and that in DR treatment was the lowest. There was no significant difference in yield of late rice among the three no tillage treatments. As for the total yield of two season rice, DP was the highest,PENL was the second,and then was DN,RENL and DR in turn. The reason of higher yield in plowing treatment was more tillers and effective panicles,higher leaf area,more chlorophyll content and high net photosynthetic rate in late stage. Compared to DP treatment, yield in RENL treatment was decreased by 7. 29% , while it was worth to spread and apply in southern double cropping paddy field because of its labor - saving and energy - saving.