父母教养方式对初中生心理健康和故意自我伤害行为的影响

A study on the relationship between mental health and intentional self injury and parenting style among adolescent students

目的研究初中学生心理健康状况、故意自我伤害与父母教养方式的关系。方法采用整群抽样方法,选择衢州市区6所初中学生876人,采用父母教养方式问卷(PBI)、中国中学生心理健康量表和故意自我伤害问卷对学生及其家长进行调查。采用Pearson相关分析学生心理健康与父母亲教养方式的相关性,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析躯体与心理健康和故意自我伤害行为的影响因素。结果回收有效问卷869份,有效回收率为99.20%。42.58%的学生存在不同程度的心理问题;自评躯体和心理健康状况差分别占8.40%和7.36%;曾经有故意自我伤害想法和行为的分别占15.54%和5.64%;父亲以高关心低控制型教养方式为主(50.50%),母亲以低关心高控制型为主(74.00%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,在控制性别、年龄、年级、前一年家庭人均年收入、现家庭居住面积等因素后,父亲采取低关心高控制教养方式的学生自评心理健康状况更差(OR=3.291,95%CI:1.724~6.285),且出现故意自我伤害行为的可能性更高(OR=2.278,95%CI:1.042~4.983);未见母亲的教养方式与学生的故意自我伤害行为存在统计学关联(P>0.05)。结论初中学生存在心理健康问题比例较高,父亲采取低关心高控制教养方式是初中学生出现心理健康问题和故意自我伤害行为的危险因素。

Objective To explore the relationship between mental health status and intentional self harm and parenting style among adolescent students. Methods Using Parenting Style Questionnaire （PBI） , Chinese middle school student mental health scale questionnaire and deliberate self harm questionnaire, 6 middle schools in Quzhou City were randomly selected and a total of 876 students were investigated. Results A total of 869 questionnaires were recovered and the recovery rate was 99. 20%. Totally 42. 58% of the adolescents had psychological problems, and 8. 40% and 7. 36% of the students feel bad themselves. Those who had thought or deliberately hurt themselves accounted for 15. 54% and 5. 64% , respectively.The parenting style of father was mainly high care and low control （50. 50% ） , while that of mother was mainly high control and low care（74. 00% ）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the mental health status was self reported poor among those their father parenting style was high control and low care （ OR = 3. 291, 95% C l： 1. 724 - 6. 285 ） and the possibility of intentional self harm behaviors were higher （ OR = 2. 2 78, 95% C l： 1. 042 - 4. 983 ） when the confounding factors were controlled. Conclusion The proportion of middle school students who have psychological problems were high and high control and low care of father parenting style were the risk factors of psychological problems and intentional self harm behaviors among adolescents.