从施琅看媒介记忆视角下历史人物的形象变迁

Creating Shi Lang:Image Change of Historical Figures in a Perspective of Media Memory

施琅是有争议的历史人物。以媒介记忆为核心理论,将施琅置于官方与民间两个截然不同的主体之下,官方记忆与民间记忆在媒介形态选取上存在差异。受媒介记忆内部机制和外部环境的影响,施琅形象呈现出不同的特点,不仅有官方不同时期评价标准下的形象变迁,也有民间记忆中较为固定的祖先崇拜形象。在大传统与小传统的互动中,官方借用了民间,民间也借用了官方,但这种"借用"更多地呈现出一种认可和接纳的态度。民间不仅成为官方权力征用的资源,也成为国家权力和意识形态的表达空间。

Shi Lang is a controversial historical figure. By taking the media memory as the core theory, and putting Shi Lang into the two different subjects between official memory and civil one, this paper finds that there are differences between the official memory and the folk memory in the choice of media forms, which are influenced by the internal mechanism of media memory and the external environment. Shi Lang’s image has different characteristics in not only the image changes under the official evaluation standard in different periods,but also in fixed ancestor worship image of folk memory. In the interaction between the large tradition and the small tradition, the official makes “use” of the folk while the folk also makes “use” of the official. However, this “use” shows an attitude of recognition and acceptance. The folk not only becomes the official resources for the expropriation of power,but also becomes the expression space of state power and ideology.