论宋人山水亭园的文化功能

A Study on the Cultural Function of Landscape in Gardens of Intellectuals in the Song Dynasty

宋人普遍崇尚吏隐,乐于在亭园中安放其浓郁的山水之思,并结合六朝、中唐的士人园林而创造出宋型文化氛围中的士人山水亭园。山水亭园不仅源自士人对山水游赏渴望自由的精神需要,还与士大夫政治格局下平衡仕隐的价值思考相关联,更与养炼心性境界、完善理想人格、塑建精神生命沟通起来,具有关涉士人根柢出处的重要文化功能。宋人透过亭园山水的禅思逸想来超越政治缠缚、人世繁芜和价值空漠,开掘日益精微邃密的心灵世界,借此把握宇宙人生之理,这是山水迥异于前代的重要审美意义。

Influenced by the social tendencies of official seclusion in the Song Dynasty, intellectuals took pleasure in creating landscape in gardens to satisfy their aspiration for freedom. By combining the in-tellectuals’ gardens from the Six Dynasties Period and the Mid-Tang Dynasty, they created a unique land-scape in gardens in accordance with the atmosphere of Song Dynasty pattern of culture. Landscape in gar-dens was not only created out of spiritual need for traveling and freedom, but also connected with the life value of intellectuals＇ official careers and seclusion life. It also had important cultural functions about intel-lectuals life value connected with the promotion of mind realm, the perfection of ideal personality and the shaping of spiritual life. Through the landscape in gardens, they were eager to transcend political binding and value emptiness so as to understand the reason of life in the universe, which was of the unique aesthet-ic significance different from former dynasties.