生草对果园土壤速效养分含量及树体发育的影响

Effect of Grass Cultivation on Orchard Soil Available Nutrient Content and Tree Development

该文探究了苹果园生草后土壤速效养分变化规律及对树体生长发育状况的影响。以7年生‘寒富’/GM256/山定子为试材,设置红三叶、黑麦草2个行间生草处理,以清耕为对照(CK),测定果园行间土壤养分含量、土壤呼吸速率及树体生长发育等指标。结果表明,生草使果园土壤有机质与碱解氮含量变化波动减小,种植黑麦草使果园土壤速效磷和速效钾含量分别较对照增加82.1%和20.4%,生草果园的土壤微生物碳、微生物氮几乎都高于对照,果园土壤呼吸水平从高到低为红三叶、黑麦草、对照;红三叶与黑麦草处理的树体主枝数量较对照提高22.1%和23.2%,产量分别提高8.5%和12.5%。总之,果园生草能改善土壤环境条件,不同程度地提升果园土壤肥力,增加土壤微生物活性,加大土壤速效养分的周转速率,为树体发育提供所需养分,有效促进苹果树生长发育。

This paper explored the changes of soil available nutrients in apple orchard and the effects on the growth and development of the tree. 7 years＇ old ＇Hanfu＇ apple trees （Malus domestica Borkh./GM256/M.baccata Borkh.）were used as materials. In this paper, the orchard soil available nutrition, soil respiration rate, growth and development of trees and etc. were conducted with three different grasses,which including red clover,ryegrass and conventional tillage（CK）.Sown grass in apple orchard could significantly affect the soil available nutrient content,in addition,it decreased the quick changes of soil organic matter and alkalihydrolyzale nitrogen content in orchard. In particular,available phosphorus and available potassium in the orchard soil with ryegrass （Lolium perenne）were increased by 82.1% and 20.4% ,The content of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in the sown grass orchard was higher than CKo The orchard soil respiration level from high to low are red clover,ryegrass,control. The numbers of main branch after grassing the red clover and ryegrass were increased by 22.1% and 23.2% ,and the yield were increased by 8.5% and 12.5%,respectively,compared with CK. Sown grass in the orchard could change rhizosphere,improve soil fertility, increase the activity of soil microorganisms and accelerate the turnover rate of soil available nutrients, which then play an positive role on promoting the growth of apple.