《一九八四》的记忆政治

The Politics of Memory in Nineteen Eighty-four

奥威尔的《一九八四》是西方文学中反乌托邦小说的经典之作。小说在三大帝国构成"静态"平衡的国际体系前提下,以主人公温斯顿和大洋邦的统治者英社为基点,塑造了五种历史与记忆的空间。从记忆参与政治建构的角度看,在这些记忆空间中,英社和温斯顿分别以记忆操纵和个体记忆为途径,来构建各自的历史叙事,以达到争夺大洋邦统治合法性的目的。通过两者的鲜明对比,奥威尔深刻揭示了人性与记忆、历史与极权统治的复杂关系。

Orwell＇s Nineteen Eighty-four is one of the most classical dystopian novels in west literature. Under the ＂static＂balance of the international system which constituted by three major empires, Orwell made five kinds of historical and memorial spaces that based on the two basic points, Winston and the ruler of the Ocean. From the perspective of memory participating in political construction, the British Socialism and Winston constructed their own historical narratives with memory controlling and individual memory from each other to struggle for the political legitimacy. Compared with the two remarkable historical narratives, Orwell revealed the complex relationship between humanity, memory, history and totalitarian rule.