地方人大代表的选择性回应偏好及其原因——以M市人大为例

The Preference of Deputies' Selective Responsiveness in Local People's Congresses and Its Causes——A Case Study of the M Municipal People's Congress

地方人大代表表现出选择性回应偏好。在结构回应方面,地方人大将新兴阶层精英吸纳为人大代表,使代表结构变化在一定程度上反映了中国社会结构变化。然而,这种政治吸纳更偏好社会精英阶层而非社会弱势阶层。在问责回应方面,选民可以通过代表述职评议、罢免等方式问责代表,代表也可以通过发起质询和询问对政府进行问责,但无论是选民问责,还是代表问责,其问责回应效果仍有待进一步提高。在利益回应方面,市级人大代表偏好回应集团利益,经济落后地区的代表偏好回应选区利益,都市中心区的代表偏好回应集团利益。法团主义代表制、兼职代表制和人大实际政治地位不高是导致地方人大代表进行选择性回应的主要原因。完善地方人大代表的回应机制可以从完善人大代表候选人提名机制、强化地方人大的问责机制和加强人大代表与选区的联系机制等三个方面着力推进。

Deputies in local people＇s congresses manifest the preference of selective responsiveness. In the aspect of structure responsiveness, the change of deputy structure could reflect the change of Chinese social structure in some degree by absorbing the emerging elites from new social stratum. However, this political absorption prefers to absorb the elite class rather than the disadvantage group in society. In the aspect of accountability responsiveness, the constituent could ask the deputies to take responsibility by way of reporting and appraising, or even removal from office. In addition, the deputies could ask the government to take responsibility by way of questions and inquiries. Either way, however, the effect of accountability still needs further improvement. In the aspect of interest responsiveness, the municipality deputies prefer to response to group interests, the deputies from underdeveloped areas prefer to response to local interests, and the deputies from metropolitan areas prefer to response to group interests. The primary causes of this selective responsiveness are the corporatist representation, the part-time representative system, and the relatively low status of LPCs in Chinese political system. We could improve deputies＇ responsiveness in three ways： by improving the mechanism for nominating deputy candidates, by strengthening the LPCs＇ accountability mechanism, and by enhancing mechanism for making connecting links between the deputy and the constituent.