环保型高压直流电缆绝缘材料研究进展

Research Progress of Environment-friendly HVDC Power Cable Insulation Materials

随着直流输电技术的发展,直流电缆输电方式在未来电能传输中将发挥重要作用,而直流电缆输电技术发展的关键在于电缆绝缘材料的突破。针对传统交联聚乙烯绝缘存在的不可回收再利用、工作温度有限和加工工艺复杂等缺点,开发环保型直流电缆绝缘材料显得尤为必要。为促进环保型直流电缆绝缘材料的研究和开发,对环保型直流电缆绝缘材料的发展现状和关键技术进行了系统评述。总结了目前常见的几种聚烯烃类环保型直流电缆绝缘材料的研究进展和聚烯烃材料的3种改性方法:共混改性、纳米改性和化学接枝改性,对比了环保型直流电缆绝缘材料和传统交联聚乙烯相比的优势。可以看出,以热塑性聚烯烃,特别是聚丙烯为基体的环保型直流电缆绝缘材料展现出了很好的应用前景,可以有效提高直流电缆的工作温度,简化加工工艺。环保型直流电缆绝缘材料开发过程中更应注重材料在高温下的性能,以发挥其优势从而提高直流电缆的运行温度,同时应该同步开展环保型直流电缆绝缘材料的老化研究。

With the development of high voltage high voltage （HVDC） transmission technology, HVDC cable power transmission will play an important role in the future electric power transmission. The key problem in HVDC cable power transmission is the breakthrough in HVDC cable insulation materials. So it is important to develop environment-friendly HVDC cable insulation materials to overcome the disadvantages of traditional cross-linked polyethylene （XLPE）, such as non-recyclable, limited working temperature and complicated processing technology. In order to promote the research and development of environment-friendly HVDC cable insulation materials, the progresses and key technologies of environment-friendly HVDC cable insulation materials are reviewed. It summarizes the research progress of several polyolefin environment-friendly insulation materials for HVDC cables and three modification methods of polyolefin materials, blending modification, nano-doping modification and chemical grafting modification. The advantages of e.nvironment-friendly HVDC cable insulation materials are compared with those of traditional cross-linked polyethylene. It revealed that the thermoplastic polyolefin, especially polypropylene based environment-friendly HVDC cable insulation material shows good application prospect, which can effectively improve the working temperature of DC cables and simplify the processing technology. In the development of HVDC cable insulation material, more attention should be paid to the high temperature performance of the materials to exert their advantages of the material and improve the operating temperature of HVDC cables. At the same time, aging performance of environment-friendly insulation materials should be studied simultaneously.