我国学校体育场地动态发展的特征分析——基于全国体育场地“五普、六普”的数据挖掘视角

The Feature Analysis on the Dynamic Developments of Chinese School Sports Fields—The Data Mining Perspective Based on the Fifth and Sixth Census of Nationwide Sports Fields

利用全国体育场地"五普、六普"数据,运用探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)方法,从全国和省域两个视角,探索我国学校体育场地动态发展特征。研究表明:1)全国的整体特征表现为,学校体育场地数量和场地面积(绝对量)发展比较缓慢,但学校人均场地数量和人均场地面积(相对量)的具体数值仍显著高于全国总体水平;财政拨款和单位自筹仍然是我国学校体育场地建设最主要的资金来源渠道,且财政拨款占比呈大幅提高态势;中小学体育场地被占用、改用或弃用的情况较为严重,但新建或改建的体育场地更加注重土地集约利用(立体化)。2)省域的全局空间特征表现为,省域学校体育场地的发展水平、发展比重、对外开放程度均存在空间集聚现象,但集聚程度趋于减弱。3)省域的局域空间特征表现为,在发展水平上,东北、西北各省域学校体育场地的绝对数量发展相对落后,而相对数量的落后地区则主要集中在四川、陕西、山西、山东、河南、河北、北京等省域,且集聚作用还在加强;省域学校体育场地发展比重与所在地区的经济发展水平呈负相关,即经济发展越落后的省域,其学校体育场地所占比重就越大,反之亦然;就对外开放情况的整体而言,西部省域学校体育场地不开放占比高于东部,华北、东北省域又高于中部、华东、华南各省域。针对上述特征,提出以下建议:我国学校体育场地今后发展应明确区分高校和中小学体育场地的发展重点;要积极拓宽建设资金来源渠道,改变过度依赖财政拨款的局面;应重视学校场地发展的区域差异,因地制宜地发展学校体育场地。

Using the data from the fifth and sixth census of nationwide sports fields, in virtue of Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis （ESDA）, the author, respectively form nationwide and provincial perspectives, probes into the dynamic development features of Chinese school sports fields. The result shows that 1 ） The national overall features manifest that the developments of quantity and floor spaces （absolute amounts） of school sports fields are relatively slow, while the specific values of per capita quantity and per capita floor space （relative amounts） are still notably higher than nation- al overall level ; fiscal appropriation and units＇ self-financing are the chief capital sources, and the proportion of fiscal appropriation has an increasing tendency; the situations on occupation, diversion, and deprecation of sports fields in middle and primary schools is quite severe, while the newconstructed or rebuild sports fields attach more importance in intensive land-use （three-dimension）. 2） Provincial overall spatial features manifest that there is a phenomenon of spatial agglomeration upon the development level, development proportion, and opening degree of provincial school sports fields, while the agglomeration degree tends to recede. 3） The features of provincial local space manifest that： in the development level, the provinces in northeastern and northwestern re- gions lag behind relatively in absolute amounts; while the backward regions in relative amounts mainly concentrate in provincial areas of Sichuan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Bejing, and the agglomeration effect are still enhancing; there is a negative correlation between the development proportion of provincial school sports fields and local economic development level, that is to say, in the provinces with more backward economic development, their school sports fields take a larger proportion, vice versa; in the overall opening degree, the non-open degree of western provincial school sports fields is higher than eastern areas, and the non-open degree in provinces in North China, Northeast is higher than Middle, East China, South China. In allusion to above-mentioned features, the author would like to propose following suggestions： unequivocally differentiate development priorities between colleges ＆ universities and middle ＆ primary schools in the developments of school sports fields in future ; positively broaden the capital sources for constructions ; change the situation of immoderate reliance on fiscal appropriation; pay attention to regional differences and adjust the measure to local conditions for development of school sports fields.