试论三统历对太初历所作的易学诠释转向

On the Role of Changes Scholarship in the Transformation from the Taichu Calendar to the Santong Calendar

太初历和三统历是西汉时期最为闻名的两部历法,并且两历之间存在着治历原则、理念以及推算数据上的一致性。据此可知,三统历实为脱胎于太初历而成。但三统历并不是对太初历的简单复述,而是依托《周易》等儒家经典对太初历做了诠释层面的转向。通过借助《周易》等儒家经典,三统历将历法从元气宇宙论的朴素层面导入融合天人的天道关怀之中,使历法成为沟通天人的媒介。之所以产生如此转变,其原因在于随着儒学经学化的逐渐深入,儒家经典的解释权及其解释范围逐渐扩大。历法的制定亦开始尝试新的发展理路,在历、《易》一体思维的关照下,取资象数易学的思想学术成果,成就历、《易》结合的新的"范式"。

The Taichu calendar （enacted in 104 BCE） and the Santong calendar （implemented from 7 BCE） were the two most famous calendars in the Western Han dynasty （206 BCE-9 CE）, which were consistent with each other in respect to the principle, idea, and data of calculation for making a calendar. Therefore, the latter was born out of the former. Nevertheless, the latter was not a simple repetition of the former, but completed a hermeneutic transformation of the former based on the Zhou yi and other Confucian classics. With the help of the Yi jing and other Confucian classics, the Santong calendar led cal- endar making from a simple cosmological level based on primordial qi （material force） to the concern for the Dao of Heaven, and made the calendar into a medium linking Heaven and Humans. The reason for this transformation was that, along with the gradual deepening of the canonization of Confucianism, the right of interpretation and the scope of the Confucian classics were also gradually broadened. Accordingly, calendar making began to try a new way of development, and under the vision of the unity of ealendrical and Changes scholarship, accomplished a new paradigm merging calendars and the Changes with the help of the achievements in image-numerology.