“憧憧往来”的哲学渊源与文学接受

On the Philosophical Origin of the Idea of“Going and Coming”and Its Reception in Literature

"憧憧往来"在《周易·象传》中的本义是顾往思来主意未定;《远游》、《七谏》等辞赋作品在其中生发出"感遇"情怀;陈子昂《幽州台歌》进一步加深了"往来"的思想内涵,为其复古的文艺主张增添了历史的深邃与厚重;朱熹《楚辞集注》则将个人的身世体验与生命感悟融入对"往来"的理解。通过对"憧憧往来"的历史溯源,不难发现中国文学的许多思想主题源于上古哲人对自然社会的朴素认知。后世文学对于先哲思想的接受往往取决于思想本身的阐释空间、思想与时代文化的契合程度以及思想的文学表现形式。当哲学思想成为文学表达的主题,思想的力量会借助艺术的形式得到充分的释放,并在后人的理解与阐释中获得丰富与升华。

According to the Commentary on the Images of the hexagram Xian [ Influence, 31] the original meaning of the term wang lai （lit., going and coming） in the fourth line statement of the hexagram took both the past and the future into consideration , so one＇s idea remained to be determined, based on which the Yuan you （lit., Faraway Travel ） and Qi j ian （Seven Items of Admonishment） composed by Qu Yuan （340-278 BCE） expressed his sentimental feelings; and the Deng Youzhou tai ge, a song composed by the famous Tang （618-907） poet Cheng Zi-ang （661-702） further deepened the philo- sophical connotations of wang lai and added historical profundity and dignity to his literary claim of returning to the ancients, while in his Chu ci j izhu （Collected Annotations to the Chu ci） Zhu Xi （1130-1200） merged his experience of life into his un- derstanding of wang lai. Through tracing back to the origin of the idea of wang lai, it is not difficult for us to find that many themes of Chinese literature came out of ancient thinkers＇ simple cognition of nature and society. The reception of former thinkers＇ thought in literature by later generations often depended on the hermeneutic space of the thought itself, the degree of accordance between the thought and culture of the times as well as the literary pattern of manifestation of the original thought. When a philosophical thought turns out to be a theme of literary expression, the power of the thought will be suffi- ciently released by styles of art, and will be enriched and sublimated in later generation artists＇ understandings and explica-tions.