精神幸福感:概念、测量、相关变量及干预

Spiritual well-Being:Concept,measurement,related variables and intervention

当前对幸福感的研究有两个重大突破:在纵向上,从主观幸福感到心理幸福感再到精神幸福感,呈现出一个逐渐深入的过程;从横向看,将源自基督教信仰的精神幸福感拓宽至个体因自我觉知与领悟达到物我两忘后所获得的精神幸福感,标志着学者们在深入考察中西方文化与精神幸福感的关系后,对精神幸福感有了更全面的认知。西方学者发展出了测量西式精神幸福感的多种工具,主要包括Ellison、Fisher等编制的精神幸福感问卷,考察了精神幸福感与年龄、性别等相关变量的关系,探讨了精神幸福感的功能与干预措施。中国学者相信精神幸福感并非只有信仰宗教才会获得,也可通过个体不断提升道德修养从而达到物我两忘的境界后获得。因此,今后研究应深入比较中西式精神幸福感的同与异,进一步丰富精神幸福感的研究内容与方法,加强精神幸福感的中国化研究。

Two breakthroughs have been achieved in research of wellbeing： in the vertical aspect, subjective well-being （SWB） has been developed deeper into psychological well-being （PWB） and then spiritual well-being （SpWB）; in the horizontal aspect, SpWB derived from Christianity religion has been expanded into that derived from a detached well-being on the basis of self-awareness and comprehension. It shows that scholars has obtained a more overall understanding of wellbeing with the view of the relationship between Chinese ＆ Western culture and SpWB. Measuring tools of SpWB are developed by western scholars, such as Spiritual Well-being Questionnaire developed by Ellison and Fisher. Meanwhile, the relationship between SpWB and its relevant variables （gender, age, personality and other factors） has been studied, the function and intervention measures of SpWB have been discussed in recent years. However, Chinese researchers hold the point that SpWB is not necessarily derived from religious beliefs, it can be achieved by continuous improvement in personal morality. Therefore, the focuses of future studies should be on comparing Chinese and Western SpWB, broading the study contents and methods of SpWB, and strengthening the research on Chinization of SpWB.