骨性关节炎中软骨和软骨下骨微结构病变的研究进展

Research progress on microarchitectural changes of cartilage and subchondral bone in osteoarthritis

骨性关节炎（OA）是软骨和软骨下骨的退变过程。作为关节的基本结构和功能单位，软骨下骨和软骨不仅共同承担关节的应力，发挥关节功能，而且在生物学上相互交流，共同促进OA的病变。组织病理学研究已证实，OA中存在软骨的纤维化、钙化和丢失、潮线复制、软骨下骨囊肿、微骨折、骨髓水肿样变、血管发生、神经生长以及骨和软骨间的微裂隙等微结构改变。这些骨和软骨微结构的改变将不仅影响关节结构和应力承载能力，还改变了软骨下骨和软骨间的信息交流途径。因此，本文旨在对软骨和软骨下骨的微结构改变和其机制，以及其促进OA进展的机制进行综述，以期揭示OA的病变机制。

Osteoarthritis （OA） is a degenerative process of cartilage and sub chondral bone. As the basic unit of structure and function in joint, subchondral bone and cartilage not only share the joint stress and play joint function, but also jointly promote the pathological changes of osteoarthritis through biological crosstalk with each other. His- topathological studies have observed microarc hitectural changes of cartilage and subchondral bone in OA, including fi- brosis, calcification and loss of cartilage, reduplicated tidemark, subchondral bone cysts, microfractures, bone marrow edema like lesions, neovascularization, and micro craeksbetween bone and cartilage. The microarchitectural changes of cartilage and subchondral bone in OA will not only affect the joint structure and stress bearing capacity, but also change the crosstalk between cartilage and bone. Therefore, this review summarizesmicroarchitectural changes of carti- lage and subchondral bone in OA as well as their role and patho - mechanism of OA, aiming to reveal the pathogenesis of osteoarthritisand provide a great help for research and therapy of other joint diseases.