转移支付对城乡公共服务差距的影响——不同经济赶超省份的分组比较

The Effect of Fiscal Transfer on the Gap Between Urban-rural Public Services Based on a Grouping Comparison of Different Economic Catching-up Provinces

转移支付是我国实现基本公共服务均等化的重要制度安排,在致力于缩小地区间公共服务差距的同时,会对地区内部的城乡公共服务差距产生何种影响?本文通过构建地方政府城乡公共服务支出决策对转移支付的反应函数,并进行实证检验发现:无论中央一般性转移支付还是专项转移支付,均显著地抑制城乡公共服务差距缩小,并依赖于中国分权体制下地方政府本身具有的城乡支出理性偏向,生产性公共服务支出偏向更具边际经济效应的领域,福利性公共服务支出偏向能实现更大社会福利效应的领域。不同经济赶超省份的分组比较还发现,经济赶超水平越高,转移支付抑制城乡公共服务差距缩小的作用越强,且中央战略政策对地方政府城乡公共服务支出偏向的抵御效应有限。本文研究表明,长期处于高经济赶超水平的落后地区,很容易陷入转移支付阻碍城乡公共服务差距缩小的"陷阱",我们不能忽视这类转移支付风险。

Summary： The intraregional gap between urban and rural public services cannot be ignored during the transition period of Chinese economic reform. The Chinese-style decentralization reform is rapidly increasing the gap, and fiscal transfer payments are viewed as important mechanisms for bridging it. This paper focuses on how fiscal transfer payments affect the gap and is committed to narrowing it.