基于互联网地图服务的长春市商业中心可达性分析

Space-Time Accessibility of Commercial Centers in Changchun Urban Area Based on Internet Map Service

以高德互联网地图的导航服务功能为基础,利用基于Arc GIS开发的"时空圈"测度工具,从步行交通、公共交通及小汽车交通三个方面,综合测度与评价长春市各商业中心的时空可达性,并分析其交通拥挤度与公共交通优先度特征。结果表明:①基于网络地图服务的可达性测度,相比于传统可达性测度评价方法,更为精确、便捷,可基于多种交通方式表达,且时态特征鲜明;②各商业中心可达性表现出"中心—边缘"的差异化特征,中心区商业中心公共交通可达性较好,而边缘区小汽车可达性较优;③可达范围的空间分布差异显著,步行可达范围的拓展受路网密度、铁路线阻隔影响明显,公共交通沿轻轨线、公交线的"指状"拓展特征明显,而小汽车交通则表现出沿城市快速路、环路及主要对外交通干道的轴向扩展特征;④高峰时段商业中心的可达范围均显著降低,小汽车交通可达性降低幅度要高于公共交通,道路交通拥挤度与公共交通优先度的测度,进一步说明提高公共交通效能,能有效削减对小汽车交通的依赖。

Accessibility plays an important role in social and economic activities in cities. The accessibility of commercial centers is an important reflection of location advantages of commercial sites and travel costs of consumers. By taking the city of Changchun, China, as a case study, based on the map service from amap.com and with the aid of ArcGIS software, this study first measured the space-time accessibility and its spatial characteristics of eight different commercial centers and made a comparison of accessibility between walking, car traffic and public transport. Then, this paper analyzed the characteristics about the temporal change of accessibility, off-peak and peak hours were taken as the dividing basis of time, congestion degree and public transportation priority were selected as the indexes of accessibility assessment. Conclusions can be drawn as follows： （1） Compared with the traditional method of accessibility measurement, the new accessibility evaluation based on internet map service is more convenient and accurate, which can be measured in a variety way of transportation. （2） Significant difference was found in the accessibility of commercial centers, the range of walking distance was influenced by the density of road network and the barrier of railway line. The range of public transport expanded along the light rail lines and bus lines, while the car traffic＇ s scope expanded along the urban external traffic routes. （3） The range of accessibility of each commercial center decreased significantly in peak hours, and the decreasing amplitude of car traffic was higher than public transport. The congestion degree of Guilin road, Dama road and Zhongdong market was higher than other commercial centers, while the public transportation priority of Chongqing road, Hongqi road and Guilin road was higher than other commercial centers. （4） Research suggests that the ＂space-time circle＂ contains the meaning of time and space, and it can be used to characterize the space-time accessibility, which reflects the commercial center range of shopping trips of consumers within an acceptable time.