在历史和现实的“镜像”中寻找真实——俄罗斯作家特里丰诺夫《老人》解析

Looking for the truth in “the mirror images” of history and reality——Analysis of Trifonov's The Old Man

俄罗斯作家特里丰诺夫的《老人》采用历史与现实两条线索交错的方式架构文本结构。一方面,通过"老人"的回忆,再现同时代人在国内战争时期的道路选择,批判受"狭隘的教条主义"影响而"异化"的一批人,同时对在混乱时代中仍保持清醒头脑的人表达敬意和缅怀;另一方面,通过展现现实生活中"老人"的子辈们,为了争夺一幢别墅所引发的关于人性和道德思考,批判那些为了利益不择手段的"精致的利己主义者",同时赞扬坚守道德底线的"高尚的理想主义者"。作者将人物的价值判断和道德选择置于历史与现实的场景中,形成或显性或隐性的"镜像"对比,旨在说明在开放的时间流程中,历史虽然看似在不断演进,但这种演进却在封闭的空间中彰显出某种似曾相识的重复性。"镜像"的设置既是从历史中预见未来,又从现实中映射"历史",作者试图在如此循环反复的历史中,揭示历史"真实"和人的良心"真实"。

The Old Man by Trifonov intertwined the text structure by two plots of history and reality. On the one hand, through the old man＇s remniscence, the work reproduces the path selection of the con- tempories in the civil war period, criticizes the alienated people affected by narrow dogma and shows re- spect to the sober minds in the chaos. On the other hand, through presenting the moral thinking caused by the struggle for the old man＇s villa, the work criticizes those delicate egoists and praises those noble ideal- ists who cling to moral limits. The author puts the characters in the value judgment and moral choice un- der the historical and realistic scenes to form the contrast of ＂the mirror images＂, aiming to show that his- tory is in constant evolution, but this evolution is in the enclosed spaces in the time flow, underlined the repetition of some sort of familiar scenes. The setting of ＂the mirror images＂ predicted the future from the history and mapped out the ＂history＂ from the reality. The author tried to reveal the truth of history and the conscience of the old man in the cycle of history.