贫困衡量视角下“精准”救助的体制机制构建

System Construction of Precise Social Assistance from the Perspective of Poverty Measurement

收入型社会救助体系其贫困衡量标准的单一性导致社会救助无法做到"应保尽保"。从贫困衡量标准即收入—支出的视角,针对我国收入型社会救助制度存在的问题,结合"精准扶贫、精准脱贫"的救助目标,提出构建精准救助体制机制的构想:兼顾生存救助与发展救助的理念;按收入完善基本生活救助,按支出强化分类救助,实施"因贫困原因、因贫困类型"救助;以需求为导向,提高救助的整体性;创新制度,提高救助的灵活性;创新管理体制机制,实现社会救助管理体系一体化、管理方式信息化及管理程序的规范化和科学化。

The singleness of poverty measurement in the income-based poverty social assistance system causes social assistance unable to reach the status that those who should be protected by this constitution are really enrolled.Accordingly, based on the problems existing in China’s income-based social assistance system, the precise assistance system is proposed for the purpose of precise poverty alleviation and overcoming;an income-expenditure-based social assistance system is proposed from the perspective of poverty measurement,which means that both ideas of survival assistance and development assistance should be taken into account; the basic living assistance should be improved by income, the classification assistance should be strengthened by expenditure,and aid should be provided based on the cause and type of poverty.Meanwhile, the integrity of assistance should be improved in a demand-oriented way so as to improve the flexibility of assistance,and the management system should be innovated to realize the integration of social assistance management system and the regulation as well as rationality of management informatization and procedure.