昆明宜良尖山云南松林的土壤理化特性

Physical and Chemical Properties of Pinus yunnanensis Forest Soil in Jianshan,Yiliang,Kunming

为了解云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)林下土壤理化特征,在昆明宜良尖山,于2012年旱季的2月中旬取7块样地的28个土样(每块样地2个样点,每样点分0~20和>20~40 cm土壤层各取一个土样),测定土壤理化性状指标。结果显示:0~20与>20~40 cm样层中,(1)土壤含水量、容重分别为8.2%~10.2%、1.19~1.46 g/cm3与8.9%~13.6%、1.45~1.68 g/cm3;(2)pH值和有机质分别为4.0~4.5、28.0~44.6g/kg与4.1~4.9、5.9~19.6 g/kg;(3)总氮、磷、钾分别为1.0~1.8 g/kg、0.15~0.39 g/kg、5.0~23.7 g/kg与0.3~1.1 g/kg、0.15~0.36 g/kg、5.2~24.8 g/kg;(4)有效氮、磷、钾分别仅为80.0~125.0 mg/kg、0.57~3.18 mg/kg、67.5~130.5 mg/kg与23.0~69.0 mg/kg、0.00~0.54 mg/kg、67.0~128.5 mg/kg。土壤理化特性随样地生境和土壤样层的不同而呈现多样性的变化。有效氮、磷、钾与有机质含量呈显著或极显著的正相关(P<0.05或0.01)。尖山林区云南松林下土壤偏干、偏酸、黏重、低磷少氮,偏干和低磷也许是天然更新云南松蹲苗和幼树期生长缓慢的重要成因构成。

In order to understand soil physical and chemical properties of Pinus yunnanensis forest, the 28 soil samples which were from 7 sampling plots （each sample included 2 sampling points, and each point sampled 2 soil samples from the soil layers of 0 -20 and 〉 20 -40 cm） sampled to determinate pa- rameters of soil physical and chemica/properties located Jianshan, Yiliang County, Kunming in the mid of February of the dry season. The results showed that soil physical and chemical parameters of the 0 20 and 〉 20 - 40 cm layers were as following： （ 1 ） The soil water content and bulk density were 8.2% - 10. 2%, 1.19 - 1.46 g/cm3 and 8.9% - 13.6%, 1.45 - 1.68 g,/cm3 ; （2） The pH value and organic matter were 4. 0 -4. 5, 28.0 - 44.6 g,/kg and 4. 1 N 4. 9, 5.9 - 19. 6 g/kg; （3） The total N, P, K ranged as 1.0- 1.8, 0. 15 -0. 39, 5.0 -23.7 and 0.3 - 1.1, 0. 15 -0.36, 5.2 -24. 8 g/kg, （4） A-vailable N, P and K were only 80. 0 - 1.25, 0. 57 -3.18, 67.5 - 130. 5 and 23.0 -69. 0, 0. 00 -0. 54, 67. 0 - 128.5 mg/kg, respectively. The soil physical and chemical properties presented diverse variation with the changes of soil sampling niches and soil layers. Available N, P and K had significantly positive correlation to organic matter content （P 〈 0. 05 or 0. 01 ）. It oriented that the dry, acidic, clay, insuffi- cient phosphorus and low nitrogen were the soil properties of P. yunnanensis forest in Jianshan ; the dry and insufficient P may constitute important causes of appearing grass stage and growing slowly during the seedlings and sampling stages which originated natural regeneration of P. yunnanensis.