牙周韧带细胞膜片技术用于牙周组织再生的研究进展

Advances in periodontal regeneration with periodontal ligament cell sheet technique

为了解决中重度牙周炎引发的牙周组织破坏后无法自主再生的问题,细胞膜片工程根据引导性组织再生术的基本原理,通过将使用温敏培养皿等方法获取的完整细胞片层直接移植贴附到缺损部位的方法,实现获取牙骨质、牙槽骨及嵌入二者的牙周韧带同时再生的目标。近年来,细胞膜片技术不断发展,逐步克服了单层细胞膜片厚度偏低、血管化不良及自体细胞来源不足等问题,其中运用牙周韧带细胞膜片进行牙周组织再生已经正式进入临床试验阶段。本文对近年来牙周韧带细胞膜片及其他常用细胞膜片在牙周组织再生方向应用的新进展作一综述。

Achieving complete periodontal tissue regeneration that arises from periodontitis show some difficulties. The principles of guided tissue regeneration indicate that cell sheet engineering aims to achieve the regeneration of periodontal ligament embedded in new cementum and new alveolar bone by several novel cell-transferring methods. For example, UpCell culture dish can control cell-surface adhesion and utilize temperature change in cell culture and a surface-grafted temperature-sensitive polymer named poly N-isopropylacylamide. Cell sheets have been harvested from temperature-sensitive culture surfaces non-invasively and overlaid as multilayered constructs. Cell sheet technique has improved in recent years and has overcome many obstacles, such as the inadequate thickness of monolayer cell sheet, the insufficient vascularization, and the lack of autologous cell sources. Owing to the high metabolic turnover rates of the periodontal ligament, many researchers have considered periodontal ligament cells as one of the most suitable candidate cell sources for regeneration. A clinical study of periodontal regeneration with autologous periodontal ligament cell sheet has been recently performed on humans in Japan. This article reviews the recent advances of techniques in periodontal ligament cell sheet engineering and its application in periodontal regeneration.