全球化背景下国际不平等交融理论与实证研究——来自中国贸易利益不平等的证据

Theoretical and Empirical Study on the Integration of International Inequality under the Background of Globalization:Evidence from Trade Benefit Inequalities in China

在经济全球化程度不断加深和国际分工形态不断变化的背景下,国际不平等问题的内在机理发生了新的变化,马克思主义的经典不平等理论也因此面临新的挑战。基于此,文章从国际分工新形态出发,将国际贸易、国际投资和国际金融三大领域中的不平等性放到"交融"的统一框架下进行考察,分析国际不平等问题如何由单一领域的不平等转变为多领域相互交融的不平等,提出国际不平等交融的概念,并进一步构建国际贸易利益不平等交融的数理模型。理论模型表明,一种国际经济领域中的不平等都融合着其他国际形式的不平等,在量上体现为某一种国际经济领域中的国际剩余价值转移量因其他国际经济活动的交融而增加或减少。基于上述理论分析,文章以我国贸易不平等为例,探究了三大国际经济领域中的不平等交融问题。研究表明:(1)国际投资不平等和实际有效汇率相对差异对国际贸易不平等有显著的正向影响;(2)国际贸易、国际投资与国际金融领域中的不平等存在长期双向因果关系,即三者的确存在交融影响。因此,政府应将不同国际经济领域的情况综合在同一平台上进行审视,为减少某一领域中的国际不平等也需辅之以其他两个领域的政策制定,从而达到事半功倍的效果。

Under the background of deepening economic globalization and constant changes in international division of labor,internal mechanism of international inequality issue has new changes and Marx＇s classical inequality theory is facing a novel challenge.Based on the new form of international division of labor,this paper puts the inequality in three fields of international trade,international investment and international finance into a unified＂integration＂framework,analyzes how international inequality transforms from inequality in a single field to integrated inequality in many fields,proposes the concept of international inequality integration,and further constructs a mathematical model of international trade interests inequality integration.Theoretical model shows that the inequality in an international economic field is integrated with inequality in other international forms,and is embodied in the increase or reduction in the transfer of international surplus value in an international economic field owing to the integration of other international economic activities in terms of quantity.Based on theoretical analysis above,this paper takes the international trade inequality as an example,and explores the problem of inequality integration in the three international economic fields.It comes to the results as follows：firstly,international investment inequality and relative differences in real effective exchange rates have a significant positive impact on international trade inequality;secondly,there does exist long-term bidirectional causality in inequality between international trade,international investment and international finance,namely there is an integration among these three.Therefore,the governments should examine different international economic fields on the same platform and reduce international inequality in a field accompanied by policy formulation in other two relative fields,to achieve a multiplier effect.