全球生产网络下中国出口竞争力的变化及其成因——基于增加值市场渗透率的分析

The Change and Its Causes of China's Export Competitiveness within Global Production Networks:Analyses Based on Market Penetration Rate of Trade in Value Added

在中国深度融入全球生产网络的背景下,如何评估中国的实际出口竞争力,以及如何观测中国出口竞争力的演化方向和路径?这需要我们综合考虑贸易的"质"和"量"。文章将TiVA方法与衡量产业贸易竞争力的市场渗透率(MPI)指标相结合,构造出基于最终品进口市场的增加值市场渗透率(MPIVA)指标,进而测度与分析全球生产网络下中国出口竞争力的变化及其成因。研究表明:(1)全球生产网络下中国增加值的出口竞争力一直呈上升态势,但其增速已放缓。中国在行业市场上增加值的出口竞争力在提升,上升速度最快的是制造业,且服务业增加值的出口竞争力也在上升。(2)出口的行业内增加值上升和出口向国内增加值高的行业转移,共同构成了中国增加值出口竞争力上升的原因。

Under the background of China＇s deepening integration into global production networks,how to evaluate China＇s real export competitiveness and observe its evolution direction and routes needs to take the quality and quantity of trade into account comprehensively.This paper combines TiVA method with MPI measuring industry trade competitiveness to construct market penetration rate index of trade in value added（MPIVA）based on import market of final products,and then measures changes in China＇s export competitiveness and the causes within global production networks.It arrives at the results as follows：firstly,China＇s value-added export competitiveness within GPN has been increasing,but its speed has slowed down;China＇s value-added export competitiveness is rising in most industrial markets,among which manufacturing industry appears faster,while value-added export competitiveness in the service industry is also rising;secondly,both the increase in intra-industry value-added export and the transfer to industries with high-level value-added account for China＇s increase in value-added export competitiveness,however,the main cause lies in export intra-industry effect rather than inter-industry effect;thirdly,China＇s industrial export competitiveness in value added is not derived from the direct value-added effect of export industries themselves,but from indirect value-added effect of upstream industries,and China＇s manufacturing export is at the low end of the global value chain and there is much more space for growth.It provides useful implications and reference for the improvement of trade position of China＇s export industries in the global value chain and the optimization of trade structure of export industries.