民族主义:意大利复兴运动及民族国家建构的精神动力

Nationalism:The Italian Risorgimento and Spiritual Impetus for the Construction of Nation-State

意大利作为第一个资本主义民族,(1)经由19世纪中叶的复兴运动获得了独立,完成了统一,建立了民族国家。民族与国家实现真正意义上的重合,这是民族主义最核心的诉求。民族主义为意大利复兴运动提供了精神动力,复兴运动又反过来强化着民族主义主张,二者共同作用于民族国家建构的历史进程。文化因素在这一进程中发挥着重要作用。复兴运动所标榜的自由、独立、统一三大主张分别契合了民族主义的三重意涵:民族意识的酝酿萌发,民族复兴的价值追求,民族国家的现代建构。

As the first capitalist nation, Italy gained independence and unification in the mid-19^th century by the Risorgimento and became a nation-state. Nation and state became fully one, which was the core value of nationalism. Nationalism acted as an intellectual dynamism of the Risorgimento; and in turn the Risorgimento intensified the appeal of nationalism. These two forces together acted on the historical process of nation-state-building. What is more, culture also played a key role in the process. As the themes of the Risorgimento, independence, unification, and liberty reflected nationalism＇ s three meanings respectively： the prelude of national consciousness, the value of Risorgimento, and the modern construction of nation-state.