妈祖形像考——兼论妈祖服饰及妈祖形像复原实践

Studies of the Image of Goddess Mazu:On the Costume of Mazu and the Practice of Restoring the Image of Mazu

妈祖信仰自宋元以来,历经千年发展和传播,已经延伸遍布至中国及海内外华人华侨聚居之地;妈祖形像及其服饰装扮亦伴随着妈祖信仰的广泛延展,呈现出流动性与多样化的特征。文章从文献学的角度,梳理和探究妈祖信仰下妈祖形像的发展及其演变;从考古学、图像学的角度,主要依据相关妈祖形像史料,辅以现存妈祖造像,整理和考察妈祖在历史中所出现的原始形像特征及其服饰形像;最后,重点探求与考辨妈祖服饰的初始形貌,从而实现对妈祖服饰原型图像的复原实践。

The belief of Mazu, which has experienced a thousand years of development and dissemination, has spread across China and overseas Chinese communities. The image and the costume of Mazu show dynamics and diversity along with the spread of the Mazu belief. This paper, from the perspective of literature studies, investigated the development and evolution of Mazu and, from the perspectives of archaeology and iconogra- phy, sorted and investigated the primitive characteristics and its costume images of Mazu that appeared during the history, based on historical materials of Mazu and current statues of Mazu. At last, the paper specifically examined the original image of Mazu＇s costume so as to restore the prototypical image of Mazu＇s costume.