淡水养殖环境中氨氧化微生物的研究进展

Research Progress of Ammonia-oxidizing Microorganisms in Freshwater Aquaculture:A Review

随着水产养殖业的快速发展,养殖水体氮素污染日益突出,硝化微生物在水产养殖环境氮循环中具有重要作用。本文主要综述我国淡水养殖环境中硝化微生物的多样性、作用机理、厌氧氨氧化过程和机理等研究进展,并展望今后的研究工作:(1)淡水养殖水域硝化作用和氨氧化微生物的时空分布特征及影响因子;(2)淡水养殖环境氨氧化微生物及其他氮素转化关键微生物的过程与机理;(3)深入研究特定生态系统中如池塘生态系统、氮循环的各个过程,构建相关氮素转化和氮素平衡模型,为完善淡水池塘生态系统氮循环理论、水产养殖环境的氮素污染治理和生态修复提供参考。

The rapid development of intensive aquaculture bears risks of environmental issues such as anthropogenic nitrogen poilu-tion. In the past decade, some progress has been made on the nitrogen cycle in aquaculture, diversity ana mecnanlsms or nltrll.ylng 1111- croorganisms, and anaerobic ammonia oxidation （anammox） process and mechanisms. In this paper we review the available knowl- edge concerning the research progress in nitrifying microorganisms in freshwater aquaculture in China, and briefly introduce the re- searches on anammox bacteria in freshwater aquaculture environment, and then present the future perspectives on this research field. The following areas are suggested to be focused on：（ 1 ） to carry on investigations on the spatial-temporal variations in nitrification pro- cesses and nitrifying microorganisms in freshwater fishery waters and affecting factors; （2） to search for the processes and mechanisms of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and other nitrogen transformation microorganisms; （3） to find out each process of nitrogen cy- cle, and to build models to predict nitrogen transformation and balance in aquaculture ponds. These studies are expected to provide sci- entific basis for nitrogen cycle theory and nitrogen pollution control in aquaculture pond ecosystems.