贵州老虎洞磷矿区地貌特征及与构造和岩溶作用的关系

Geomorphological Characteristics and Relations with Tectonism and Karstification of Laohudong Phosphorite Mine in Guizhou

贵州瓮福磷矿老虎洞矿区水文地质条件复杂,制约了矿山开采设计和建设。着眼于矿区地形地貌特征,研究地貌发育与地质构造、岩溶作用之间的关系,探讨地貌发育过程和机制。研究表明,矿区位于岩根河谷地北部,地貌类型为背斜槽谷,是一种独特的构造岩溶地貌,构造和岩溶作用对矿区槽谷地貌的形成演化具有重要作用,白岩背斜为槽谷的形成提供了构造基础,地壳持续隆升是槽谷进一步发展的必要条件,碳酸盐岩地层的岩溶作用对槽谷的发展具有积极促进作用,在经历褶皱成山、剥蚀夷平和侵蚀成谷三个阶段后,矿区背斜槽谷地貌发育成型。

The Laohudong phosphorite mine is a partition of the Wengfu phosphorite mine in Guizhou.The mining plan and construction of the Laohudong mine are restricted by the complex hydrogeological conditions.Focusing on the topographic and geomorphic features,this article studied the relationship between the geomorphic development and the tectonism and karstification to investigate the process and mechanism of the geomorphic development.The results show that the mining area is located in the northern Yangenhe River valley,where the geomorphic type is an anticline-based trough-shaped valley,which is a distinctive tectonic karst geomorphy.The tectonism and karstification play an important role in the formation and evolution of the trough-shaped valley geomorphy.The Baiyan anticline provides a structural base for the formation of the trough-shaped valley.The continuous uplift of crust is a necessary condition for the further development of the trough-shaped valley.The karstification of carbonate strata plays a positive role in promoting the development of the trough-shaped valley.After three developmenting stages,such as being folded to the mountain,being denuded to the plain and being eroded to the valley,the anticline-based trough-shaped valley geomorphy is finally formed.