交通事故因果关系和当事人行为所起作用的具体化研究

本文通过对交通事故形成过程的研究，将交通事故的发生归结为“交通险情出现”和“险情避让失败”两个环节，由此构建了交通事故“险情＋避让”的理论模型；在深入分析险情行为和避险行为对交通事故形成过程中所起作用的基础上，明确了当事人行为所起作用的内涵和具体指向；提出以险情的危险性和避让险情的可能性作为当事人行为所起作用的评判标准；分析当事人行为形态与作用之间的联系，提出“形态决定怍用”定律，并形成一套交通事故责任认定规则，使交通事故因果关系和当事人行为所起作用的评判实现了具体化。

By proposing a systematic set of rules for traffic crash liability determination, this paper attempts to prove the feasibility and practicability of legal liability in handling traffic crashes. Two sequential elements are identified for crash occurrence, i.e., the occurrence of a dangerous situation and the failure in dodging the dangerous situations. A danger and dodge model is subsequently established for the liability determination in a traffic crash. By investigating the basic mechanism of a crash occurrence, the specific contents of causalities and the effect of the parties＇ acts in traffic crashes are specified. Based on the theories of social adequacy, the principle of reliance and the duty of care, the study further proposes to use the ＂peril＂ of a dangerous situation and the ＂possibility＂ of dodging the dangerous situation to appraise the effect of the parties＇ acts upon a crash occurrence, with the rule of the ＂pattern deciding effect＂. The proposed approach would be very helpful to the concreteness of the determination of liability in a traffic crash. Two case studies are presented for demonstration.