缺氧缺血性脑损伤后谷氨酸水平变化对少突胶质细胞的损伤

Glutamate Levels Change Injure Oligodendrocyte After Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Damage

谷氨酸是哺乳动物中枢神经系统主要的兴奋性氨基酸,生理状态时,对中枢神经系统各种细胞的发育成熟具有重要作用。但在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑损伤(Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage,HIBD)等病理情况下,脑室周围谷氨酸浓度升高,过度激活少突胶质细胞上的谷氨酸受体,导致少突胶质细胞损伤、死亡,继而使脑室周围白质软化,进一步引起HIBD患儿髓鞘化障碍,造成认知能力下降和远期行为学异常。本文主要综述谷氨酸对生理状态少突胶质细胞迁徙分化的影响及病理情况谷氨酸受体过度激活介导的少突胶质细胞损伤及机制。

Glutamate,as the major excitatory amino acids in mammalian central nervous system,which plays an important role for the maturation of cells under the physiological conditions.However,under the pathological conditions of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage,the glutamate concentration around ventricular is increased which excessively activates glutamate receptors on oligodendrocytes,leads to damage and death of oligodendrocytes and periventricular leukomalacia,and further causes children’s myelination disorder with cognitive decline,long-term behavioral abnormalities.This review focuses on the glutamate’s effects on the maturation of oligodendrocytes under physiological conditions and mechanism of oligodendrocytes ischemic injury though the excessive activation of glutamate receptors under the pathological conditions.