供应链信息共享效用:基于企业层级、信息类型的视角

Utilities of Supply Chain Information Sharing:On the Perspectives of Echelons and Information Types

供应链信息共享能否提升订货决策质量、降低库存或缺货成本目前尚存争议,而这类问题由于关系到企业合作、供应链信息化等重要实践又亟待解决。共享对象、共享形式等均存在不同类别,供应链信息共享的效用不能一概而论,需结合具体情境进行专门、细致的分析。笔者基于常见的4级供应链模型,分析并且检验在POS数据和下游库存数据不同的共享情境下,企业、供应链成本以及订货决策的变化。实证结果显示:信息共享显著降低企业及供应链整体成本的均值,增加上游企业的成本方差;从成本的均值和方差角度看,库存数据共享比其他类型的数据共享更有效;共享的信息并非越多越好;信息共享会影响订货决策,不同层级企业对这些数据的利用也存在差异。这些结果同时说明:共享的信息不能超出企业处理信息的能力范围,其价值只有在正确、合理利用信息的基础上才能实现;上游企业的决策更加倚重市场信息,它们应当是供应链信息化、一体化的主要受益者和推动者。

Whether supply chain information sharing can increase quality of ordering decision and can decrease inventory or shortage cost are still controversial. Because for their great influence on firm＇s collabora- tion, supply chain informatization and other important practices, these problems are needed to be solved ur- gently. Sharing objectives and forms can be divided into several types, and then utilities of supply chain infor- mation sharing can＇t be generalized, but needs to be specific, detailed and situation-oriented analysis. Based on the common four-level supply chain model, this paper analyzes and testifies how firms＇ cost, supply chain cost and ordering decision change with different sharing models of POS data and downstream inventory data. It confirms that ： information sharing can decrease means of the firm＇s and the supply chain＇s cost, and increase variance of upstream firm＇s cost significantly ; POS data sharing is better than other information sharing sorts or models from the perspective of means and variances of cost; more information can＇t bring out better perform- ance definitely; information sharing can have influence on ordering decision, and there are differences for firms in different echelons to utilize these data. This paper also demonstrates that, information shared shouldn＇t exceed the limited capacity of firms＇ processing, and its values can only be realized on the basis of effective and reasonable use. Decisions of upstream firms rely more heavily on market information, and these firms should be the main beneficiaries and impeller of supply chains＇ informatization and integration.