土壤系统分类中土壤水热状况的确定方法及应用研究——以山西省为例

Determination Method and Application of Soil Temperature Regime and Soil Moisture Regime in Chinese Soil Taxonomy——A Case Study of Shanxi Province

土壤温度和水分状况作为表征土壤特性的重要参数,在土壤系统分类中是某些分类单元划分的重要依据。而现有的土壤水热状况估算方法存在数据不易获取、计算过程复杂等问题,在野外土壤调查及土壤系统分类工作中的适用性不强。本文提出一个基于气象数据的土壤水热状况快速估算方法,并结合山西省实地调查的75个剖面数据,对其在土壤系统分类中的应用进行探讨,以期为区域野外土壤调查及土壤系统分类工作提供借鉴和参考。结果表明:1基于气象数据的土壤温度估算方法在山西地区具有较好的适用性,其估算结果能代替土壤温度实测值来研究该区域的土壤温度状况;2基于气象数据的土壤水分状况估算结果仅适用于不受地下水影响的地带性土壤水分状况的确定,而对于受地下水影响的区域需根据土壤所处的实际水分环境状况进行分析和判定;3土壤水热状况在中国土壤系统分类中的分选性强,在野外土壤调查及土壤系统分类时,应特别注意区域土壤水热状况的差别。

Soil temperature regime （STR） and soil moisture regime （SMR） are two important parameters to influence soil properties and determine soil types in soil taxonomy. However, the current methods to estimate STR and SMR are not perfect, for example, hard to get real-time data, complex of calculation processes, low accuracy of estimated result, weak applicability of estimating method. In this paper, based on meteorological data and 75 surveyed-profile data in Shanxi Province, new methods were set up to rapidly estimate STR and SMR, and their application in Soil Taxonomy was discussed in order to instruct similar regional soil survey and soil taxonomy. The results showed that the new method of STE estimation was favorable in soil taxonomy, and estimated results could replace reliably measured values of soil temperature in Shanxi region. The new method of SMR was only suitable in region without influence of ground water, while SMR of affected regions should consider actual situation of hydrological environment. However, because STR and SMR are complex and changeful in different landscapes, more and careful attention should be paid to STR and SMR determination in regional soil survey and soil taxonomy.